The way it was explained to me (a couple years ago):
Roughly like this:
- musicbrainz is the center of the universe
- musicbrainz links with AllMusic via
a) exact matching if MB has a link to artist/album
b) “fuzzy” matching if not- musicbrainz links with last.fm directly for popular track data
- musicbrainz links with fanart.tv for graphics
It may have changed somewhat in that time, but I don’t think it’s too far off.
MusicBrainz gets artist biographies from AllMusic. It gets popular track info from Last.FM. I don’t know if it will get artist images there. Per #4, fanart.tv seems to be the most likely place.
But I don’t think any of that happens automatically. Looking at the Swoose artist record in MusicBrainz, there are no external links to Last.FM, so it may not be able to provide images.