As always, Permissions. PMS is not allowed to write into your transcoder temp directory.
Aug 20, 2018 21:45:46.579 [0x717ff400] ERROR - Error creating directory "/media/pi/gamera/transcode_temp/Transcode/Sessions/plex-transcode-17c34871-fafb-49e8-a166-7f4591ad1376": boost::filesystem::create_directory: Permission denied: "/media/pi/gamera/transcode_temp/Transcode/Sessions/plex-transcode-17c34871-fafb-49e8-a166-7f4591ad1376"
Just add write permissions for PMS user plex to /media/pi/gamera/transcode_temp.
Please also read this guide that will tell you how to correctly prepare your external drives for PMS: