Plex client for MacOS is burning my dedicated GPU

That assumption is wrong. This selector doesn’t tell the server to change the bandwidth of the video.
(the setting for the bandwidth is to be found in Settings - Plex for Mac - Quality)

Instead it only reduces the amount of proccessing and filtering happening in the player.
Some of these filters are described here: HTPC Tips and Tricks

Do also experiment with the “Use Hardware Decoding” checkbox.

I can only assume that this is controlled by MacOS, not by Plex Player.